The History of Computers

Computers that we use now is not necessarily appear as such but through a long process in evolution. Particulars may be the emergence of the computer can be seen in flashback history since Abacus uses - found in Babilonia (Iraq) around 5000 years ago - as a means of calculating the first, both in schools and among the traders, at that time. In the next period has been found many tools countdown Pascaline mechanical kind that is found by Blaine Pascal in 1642, Arithometer by Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar in 1820, Babbage's Folly by Charles Babbage in 1822, and by Hollerith Herman Hollerith in the year 1889. All machines are shaped entirely without electricity. The size and complexity of the structure is based on the level of the operation of the calculation is done. Then in 1940, a new era began in the computer electrical computer electrically finding that apply Boolean algebra system.

The development of computer technology that is described below in the top four for the next generation based on components that use, ranging from the size of "big" is analogous to the micro as well as the complexity of its components.

First generation
When this time is a giant computer-computer, such as Z3, Colossus, ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC I. Characteristics at the time of this computer are marked with a size almost equal to room, use the vacuum cleaner tube with a number of very much to store and process the orders or instructions, take thousands of watts of electricity, using machine language and can be used only by people trained. So, people will not be able to use the computer so that this type has not been dikomersialisasikan to the public. Only the large companies, educational institutions and government agencies that use them.


Second generation
This era begins with the transistor and dioda as a replacement of the tube so that the vacuum cleaner sizenya smaller than preceding generations. Other findings, namely the use of magnetic core memory that serves data store, so much faster in data processing, and machine language was replaced with assembly language (Fortran and Cobol) ease in the operation. Some examples on the computer this time, the Stretch, LARC, DEC PDP-8, IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and IBM 7094.


Third Generation
New era of computer communication start menapakkan feet on this momentum. Most companies implement a system of on-line using a remote terminal in the computer (read: on-line). This technology would also be supported by the performance of the computer that is better in terms of the use of hardware and software. The findings in the field of new hardware dilakoni with the emergence of IC (Integrated Circuit) components in the computer. Because the benefits in unify various components in a single chip so that the computer at the time the size of a small computer without lowering the performance of the resulting, and even improve the performance. In the software, programming techniques plural (Multi-Programming) have been developed so that the collection add various programming languages that exist. Cray-1, UNIVAC 90/30 and IBM 360 computers are some examples on this generation.


Fourth Generation
Along with the development of lajunya computer as a tool for processing data increasing rapidly, especially in this generation. The growing speed is proportionate to the inverse of the small size with the ability supported by a larger memory. The price is more affordable due to the components have been produced and sold the missal. At this period various IC incorporated into one unit called the component form with VLSI (Very Large Scale IC). Use of the software easier to develop and begin the computer-implemented on the home computer, such as word processing and spreadsheet. Internet network is also more knowledgeable that was only enjoyed by elite groups have now also can be used by lay people. Use mikroprosessor now absolutely no longer used only on the computer but have been applied to electronic products, such as television and microwave. See the development of the computer world is very high level of growth from the early generations up to now is how can we prediksikan characteristics of the computer on future generations. Maybe, the computer will not have to hold didikte by people but he can already do all sesuatunya own. Dikata ability may have human-like versatility. Such as the ability (or Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelegence) is now actively examined by developed countries such as Japan and the United States.

Author

Azhar Bakri H.